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Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 931-942 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0771-y

摘要： Diverse interactions between microwaves and irradiated media provide a solid foundation for identifying novel organization pathways for energy flow. In this study, a high-energy-site phenomenon and targeted-energy transition mechanism were identified in a particular microwave heating (MH) process. Intense discharges were observed when microwaves were imposed on irregularly sized SiC particles, producing tremendous heat that was 8-fold the amount generated in the discharge-free case. Energy efficiency was thereby greatly improved in the electricity-microwaves-effective heat transition. Meanwhile, the dispersed microwave field energy concentrated in small sites, where local temperatures could reach 2000°C– 4000°C, with the energy density reaching up to 4.0 × 105 W/kg. This can be called a high-energy site phenomenon which could induce further processes or reactions enhancement by coupling effects of heat, light, and plasma. The whole process, including microwave energy concentration and intense site-energy release, shapes a targeted-energy transition mechanism that can be optimized in a controlled manner through morphology design. In particular, the discharge intensity, frequency, and high-energy sites were strengthened through the fabrication of sharp nano/microstructures, conferring twice the energy efficiency of untreated metal wires. The microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition provide an important pathway for high-efficiency energy deployment and may lead to promising applications.

关键词： microwave discharge     high-energy sites     targeted-energy transition     morphology design     energy efficiency    

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Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline ZrO2-7%Y2O3 powders for thermal barrier coatings by high-energy

Kirsten BOBZIN, Lidong ZHAO, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Thomas WARDA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第6卷 第2期   页码 176-181 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0220-4

摘要：

High-energy ball milling is an effective method to produce nanocrystalline oxides. In this study, a conventional ZrO2-7%Y2O3spray powder was ball-milled to produce nanocrystalline powders with high levels of crystalline disorders for deposition of thermal barrier coatings. The powder was milled both with 100Cr6 steel balls and with ZrO2-3%Y2O3 ceramic balls as grinding media. The milling time was varied in order to investigate the effect of the milling time on the crystallite size. The powders were investigated in terms of their crystallite sizes and morphologies by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that under given milling conditions the powder was already nanostructured after 40 min milling. The crystallite size decreased significantly with increasing milling time within first 120 min. After that, a further increase of milling time did not lead to a significant reduction of the crystallite size. Ball-milling led to lattice microstrains. Milling with the steel balls resulted in finer nano-sized crystal grains, but caused the contamination of the powder. The nano-sized crystal grains coarsened during the heat-treatment at 1250°C.

关键词： nanostrucured powders     yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ)     high-energy ball milling     thermal barrier coatings    

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Three-dimensional composite Li metal anode by simple mechanical modification for high-energy batteries

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 569-584 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0875-7

摘要： Lithium (Li) metal is believed to be the “Holy Grail” among all anode materials for next-generation Li-based batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh/g) and lowest redox potential (−3.04 V). Disappointingly, uncontrolled dendrite formation and “hostless” deposition impede its further development. It is well accepted that the construction of three-dimensional (3D) composite Li metal anode could tackle the above problems to some extent by reducing local current density and maintaining electrode volume during cycling. However, most strategies to build 3D composite Li metal anode require either electrodeposition or melt-infusion process. In spite of their effectiveness, these procedures bring multiple complex processing steps, high temperature, and harsh experimental conditions which cannot meet the actual production demand in consideration of cost and safety. Under this condition, a novel method to construct 3D composite anode via simple mechanical modification has been recently proposed which does not involve harsh conditions, fussy procedures, or fancy equipment. In this mini review, a systematic and in-depth investigation of this mechanical deformation technique to build 3D composite Li metal anode is provided. First, by summarizing a number of recent studies, different mechanical modification approaches are classified clearly according to their specific procedures. Then, the effect of each individual mechanical modification approach and its working mechanisms is reviewed. Afterwards, the merits and limits of different approaches are compared. Finally, a general summary and perspective on construction strategies for next-generation 3D composite Li anode are presented.

关键词： lithium (Li)-ion battery (LIB)     Li metal battery     three-dimensional (3D) composite Li metal anode     mechanical modification     reducing local current density    

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Review of recent advances of polymer based dielectrics for high-energy storage in electronic power devices

Wenjie Sun, Jiale Mao, Shuang Wang, Lei Zhang, Yonghong Cheng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 18-34 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1939-4

摘要： Polymer-based dielectric capacitors are widely-used energy storage devices. However, although the functions of dielectrics in applications like high-voltage direct current transmission projects, distributed energy systems, high-power pulse systems and new energy electric vehicles are similar, their requirements can be quite different. Low electric loss is a critical prerequisite for capacitors for electric grids, while high-temperature stability is an essential pre-requirement for those in electric vehicles. This paper reviews recent advances in this area, and categorizes dielectrics in terms of their foremost properties related to their target applications. Requirements for polymer-based dielectrics in various power electronic equipment are emphasized, including high energy storage density, low dissipation, high working temperature and fast-response time. This paper considers innovations including chemical structure modification, composite fabrication and structure re-design, and the enhancements to material performances achieved. The advantages and limitations of these methods are also discussed.

关键词： dielectric capacitors     polymer-based dielectrics     energy density     dielectric loss     working temperature     frequency response    

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用于16.7 MeV脉冲高能γ探测的散射吸收方法研究

谭新建,欧阳晓平,王群书

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第8期   页码 48-51

摘要：

理论分析计算的基础上，提出了基于康普顿效应的散射吸收探测方法，该方法能实现高低能γ灵敏度比值达106～108，且对高能γ灵敏度较大，为10-21～10-16 C·cm2，其性能指标在一定程度上优于目前使用的基于磁分析器与Cherenkov探测器的高能γ探测方法指标。

关键词： 高能γ     切伦柯夫探测器     散射吸收法    

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Evaluation of the wind energy potential of two south west sites in Nigeria

Olaleye M. AMOO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 237-246 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0201-2

摘要： Wind resource assessment is a crucial first step in gauging the potential of a site to produce energy from wind turbines. In this paper, the wind energy potential of Abeokuta (07°03'N, 03°19'E) and Ijebu-Ode (06°47'N, 03°58'E), two south west sites in Nigeria were examined. Twenty years (1990–2010) of monthly mean wind data from a 10 m height were subjected to two-parameter Weibull analysis and other statistical analyses. The results show that the average annual mean wind speed variation for Abeokuta ranges from 2.2 to 5.0 m/s. For Ijebu-Ode, it ranges from 2.0 to 5.0 m/s. The wind power density variation based on the Weibull analysis ranges from 4.26 to 24.51 W/m for Abeokuta and from 8.54 to 76.46 W/m for Ijebu-Ode. Ijebu-Ode was found to be the better of the two sites in terms of annual variation of mean wind speed.

关键词： wind potential     wind speed     wind power density     wind gust     turbulence intensity     Nigeria    

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High-gravity intensified iron-carbon micro-electrolysis for degradation of dinitrotoluene

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1595-1605 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2204-9

摘要： The application of iron–carbon (Fe–C) micro-electrolysis to wastewater treatment is limited by the passivation potential of the Fe–C packing. In order to address this problem, high-gravity intensified Fe–C micro-electrolysis was proposed in this study for degradation of dinitrotoluene wastewater in a rotating packed bed (RPB) using commercial Fe–C particles as the packing. The effects of reaction time, high-gravity factor, liquid flow rate and initial solution pH were investigated. The degradation intermediates were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the possible degradation pathways of nitro compounds by Fe–C micro-electrolysis in RPB were also proposed. It is found that under optimal conditions, the removal rate of nitro compounds reaches 68.4% at 100 min. The removal rate is maintained at approximately 68% after 4 cycles in RPB, but it is decreased substantially from 57.9% to 36.8% in a stirred tank reactor. This is because RPB can increase the specific surface area and the renewal of the liquid–solid interface, and as a result the degradation efficiency of Fe–C micro-electrolysis is improved and the active sites on the Fe–C surface can be regenerated for continuous use. In conclusion, high-gravity intensified Fe–C micro-electrolysis can weaken the passivation of Fe–C particles and extend their service life.

关键词： high-gravity technology     rotating packed bed     Fe–C micro-electrolysis     dinitrotoluene wastewater     active sites    

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Dual-functional sites for synergistic adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) by polyaniline-TiO hydrate: Adsorptionbehaviors, sites and mechanisms

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1526-7

摘要：

• PANI/Ti(OH)n(4–n)+ exhibited excellent adsorption capacity and reusability.

关键词： Polyaniline/TiO2     Chromium     Antimony     Adsorption     Desorption     Mechanism    

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Review on cellulose paper-based electrodes for sustainable batteries with high energy densities

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1010-1027 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2307-y

摘要： Powering the future, while maintaining strong socioeconomic growth and a cleaner environment, is going to be one of the biggest challenges faced by mankind nowadays. Thus, there is a transition from the use of fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. Cellulose, the main component of paper, represents a unique type of bio-based building blocks featuring exciting properties: low-cost, hierarchical fibrous structures, hydrophilicity, biocompatible, mechanical flexibility, and renewability, which make it perfect for use in paper-based sustainable energy storage devices. This review focuses on lithium-ion battery application of celluloses with cellulose at different scales, i.e., cellulose microfibers, and nanocellulose, and highlights the new trends in the field. Recent advances and approaches to construct high mass loading paper electrodes toward high energy density batteries are evaluated and the limitations of paper-based cathodes are discussed. This will stimulate the use of natural resources and thereby the development of renewable electric energy systems based on sustainable technologies with low environmental impacts and carbon footprints.

关键词： cellulose     paper electrodes     Li-ion batteries     high energy density    

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Scale study of sites and pavilions for World Expo 2010

ZHOU Zhuoyan, CHEN Yi

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 102-106 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0012-z

摘要： The scale of sites and pavilions for World Expo 2010 (Shanghai World Expo) mainly refers to the study of their size including the area and number of exhibition hall needed in each pavilion and site with appropriate waiting area. All the design data of scale studied should reasonably meet the requirements during World Expo 2010 to accommodate large number of people for visiting and waiting to the full.

关键词： pavilion     study     number     appropriate     design    

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Energy field-assisted high-speed dry milling green machining technology for difficult-to-machine metal

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0744-9

摘要： Energy field-assisted machining technology has the potential to overcome the limitations of machining difficult-to-machine metal materials, such as poor machinability, low cutting efficiency, and high energy consumption. High-speed dry milling has emerged as a typical green processing technology due to its high processing efficiency and avoidance of cutting fluids. However, the lack of necessary cooling and lubrication in high-speed dry milling makes it difficult to meet the continuous milling requirements for difficult-to-machine metal materials. The introduction of advanced energy-field-assisted green processing technology can improve the machinability of such metallic materials and achieve efficient precision manufacturing, making it a focus of academic and industrial research. In this review, the characteristics and limitations of high-speed dry milling of difficult-to-machine metal materials, including titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, and high-strength steel, are systematically explored. The laser energy field, ultrasonic energy field, and cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication energy fields are introduced. By analyzing the effects of changing the energy field and cutting parameters on tool wear, chip morphology, cutting force, temperature, and surface quality of the workpiece during milling, the superiority of energy-field-assisted milling of difficult-to-machine metal materials is demonstrated. Finally, the shortcomings and technical challenges of energy-field-assisted milling are summarized in detail, providing feasible ideas for realizing multi-energy field collaborative green machining of difficult-to-machine metal materials in the future.

关键词： difficult-to-machine metal material     green machining     high-speed dry milling     laser energy field-assisted milling     ultrasonic energy field-assisted milling     cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication energy field-assisted milling    

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Understanding high-emitting households in the UK through a cluster analysis

Xinfang WANG, Ming MENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 612-625 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0647-6

摘要： Anthropogenic climate change is a global problem that affects every country and each individual. It is largely caused by human beings emitting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In general, a small percentage of the population is responsible for a large amount of emissions. This paper focuses on high emitters and their CO emissions from energy use in UK homes. It applies a cluster approach, aiming to identify whether the high emitters comprise clusters where households in each cluster share similar characteristics but are different from the others. The data are mainly based on the Living Cost and Food survey in the UK. The results show that after equivalising both household emissions and income, the high emitters can be clustered into six groups which share similar characteristics within each group, but are different from the others in terms of income, age, household composition, category and size of the dwelling, and tenure type. The clustering results indicate that various combinations of socioeconomic factors, such as low-income single female living in an at least six-room property, or high-income retired couple owning a large detached house, could all lead to high CO emissions from energy use at home. Policymakers should target each high-emitter cluster differently to reduce CO emissions from energy consumption at home more effectively.

关键词： cluster analysis     emissions reduction     energy use     high emitters     household energy consumption     socioeconomic factors    

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The carbon dioxide removal potential of Liquid Air Energy Storage: A high-level technical and economic

Andrew LOCKLEY, Ted von HIPPEL

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 456-464 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0102-8

摘要： Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) is at pilot scale. Air cooling and liquefaction stores energy; reheating revaporises the air at pressure, powering a turbine or engine (Ameel et al., 2013). Liquefaction requires water & CO removal, preventing ice fouling. This paper proposes subsequent geological storage of this CO – offering a novel Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) by-product, for the energy storage industry. It additionally assesses the scale constraint and economic opportunity offered by implementing this CDR approach. Similarly, established Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) uses air compression and subsequent expansion. CAES could also add CO scrubbing and subsequent storage, at extra cost. CAES stores fewer joules per kilogram of air than LAES – potentially scrubbing more CO per joule stored. Operational LAES/CAES technologies cannot offer full-scale CDR this century (Stocker et al., 2014), yet they could offer around 4% of projected CO disposals for LAES and<25% for current-technology CAES. LAES CDR could reach trillion-dollar scale this century (20 billion USD/year, to first order). A larger, less certain commercial CDR opportunity exists for modified conventional CAES, due to additional equipment requirements. CDR may be commercially critical for LAES/CAES usage growth, and the necessary infrastructure may influence plant scaling and placement. A suggested design for low-pressure CAES theoretically offers global-scale CDR potential within a century (ignoring siting constraints) – but this must be costed against competing CDR and energy storage technologies.

关键词： carbon dioxide removal     Liquid Air Energy Storage     Compressed Air Energy Storage     geoengineering    

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Synthesis of aluminum nanoparticles as additive to enhance ignition and combustion of high energy density

Xiu-Tian-Feng E, Lei Zhang, Fang Wang, Xiangwen Zhang, Ji-Jun Zou

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 358-366 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1702-2

摘要：

High energy density fuels are critical for hypersonic aerospace propulsion but suffer from difficulties of ignition delay and incomplete combustion. This research reports aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) assisted ignition and combustion of high energy density JP-10 fuel. Al NPs with a size of 16 nm were fabricated through a mild and simple method by decomposing AlH3·Et2O with the addition of a surfactant ligand. The uniform size distribution, nanoscaled size and surface ligand make Al NPs stably suspend in JP-10, with 80% NPs being dispersed in the liquid fuel after six months. A shock tube test shows that the presence of 1 wt-% Al NPs can significantly shorten ignition delay time at temperature of 1500 to 1750 K, promote the combustion, and enhance energy release of JP-10. This work demonstrates the potential of Al NPs as ignition and combustion additive for high energy density fuel in hypersonic applications.

关键词： aluminum nanoparticles     combustion     ignition     shock tube test     high energy density fuel    

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高速列车节能降耗关键技术研究

孙帮成,李明高,安 超,马纪军,于金朋

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第4期   页码 69-82

摘要：

随着高速铁路快速发展，大量高速列车投入运营带来了能源消耗与环境保护等一系列问题。本文系统阐述了高速列车的能耗组成、权重及影响因素，进一步详细论证了高速列车节能降耗的关键技术。从低阻力技术、高能效牵引技术和能量回收再利用与综合管理等方面详细论证了节能降耗效果，有力推动我国高速列车的绿色、节能、环保的发展，持续提高我国高速列车高能效水平。

关键词： 高速列车；节能降耗；高能效    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

期刊论文

Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline ZrO2-7%Y2O3 powders for thermal barrier coatings by high-energy

Kirsten BOBZIN, Lidong ZHAO, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Thomas WARDA

期刊论文

Three-dimensional composite Li metal anode by simple mechanical modification for high-energy batteries

期刊论文

Review of recent advances of polymer based dielectrics for high-energy storage in electronic power devices

Wenjie Sun, Jiale Mao, Shuang Wang, Lei Zhang, Yonghong Cheng

期刊论文

用于16.7 MeV脉冲高能γ探测的散射吸收方法研究

谭新建,欧阳晓平,王群书

期刊论文

Evaluation of the wind energy potential of two south west sites in Nigeria

Olaleye M. AMOO

期刊论文

High-gravity intensified iron-carbon micro-electrolysis for degradation of dinitrotoluene

期刊论文

Dual-functional sites for synergistic adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) by polyaniline-TiO hydrate: Adsorptionbehaviors, sites and mechanisms

期刊论文

Review on cellulose paper-based electrodes for sustainable batteries with high energy densities

期刊论文

Scale study of sites and pavilions for World Expo 2010

ZHOU Zhuoyan, CHEN Yi

期刊论文

Energy field-assisted high-speed dry milling green machining technology for difficult-to-machine metal

期刊论文

Understanding high-emitting households in the UK through a cluster analysis

Xinfang WANG, Ming MENG

期刊论文

The carbon dioxide removal potential of Liquid Air Energy Storage: A high-level technical and economic

Andrew LOCKLEY, Ted von HIPPEL

期刊论文

Synthesis of aluminum nanoparticles as additive to enhance ignition and combustion of high energy density

Xiu-Tian-Feng E, Lei Zhang, Fang Wang, Xiangwen Zhang, Ji-Jun Zou

期刊论文

高速列车节能降耗关键技术研究

孙帮成,李明高,安 超,马纪军,于金朋

期刊论文